تأثير نموذج التعلم التعاوني نوع رمى كرة الثلج على ترقية مهارة الكلام لدى طلاب
This study was motivated by the low level of students’ Arabic speaking skills (maharah kalam), which is caused by the lack of opportunities for students to actively use the language during the learning process. Therefore, a learning model that can encourage students’ active participation is needed. This study aims to determine the effect of implementing the cooperative learning model of the Snowball Throwing type on improving the maharah kalam of tenth-grade students at Sunan Ampel Punggur Senior High School. This research employed a quantitative approach using an experimental method with a one-group pretest–posttest design. The sample consisted of 13 students selected through total sampling. Data were collected through oral tests, observation, and documentation. The data were analyzed using a normality test, a paired sample t-test, and N-Gain calculation. The results showed that the students’ average score increased from 16 in the pretest to 20 in the posttest. The paired sample t-test indicated a significance value of 0.000 (0.05), which means that there was a significant difference in students’ speaking ability before and after the treatment. In addition, the N-Gain score of 0.45 was categorized as moderate. These findings indicate that the implementation of the Snowball Throwing cooperative learning model is moderately effective in improving students’ Arabic speaking skills.