Abstrak
This study aims to analyze the application of Article 1243 of the Civil Code to default in a rubber plantation land sale and purchase agreement without handing over the certificate in Bumi Mulya Village, Way Kanan Regency. The study uses a juridical-empirical approach with qualitative methods. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews and literature studies. The results of the study indicate that the failure to hand over the certificate after payment has been made fulfills the elements of default because the seller failed to fulfill the agreed performance. The legal consequence of this default is the emergence of the right for the buyer to demand fulfillment of the agreement or compensation. This study emphasizes the importance of integration between contractual agreements and compliance with formal procedures in ensuring legal certainty and protection of land rights.